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People also downloaded these free PDFs. Sunico, Ph. Evelyn F. Cabanban Melissa Y. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system without prior written permission from the publisher. Published by Tawid Publications B. Gonzales St. Moran Milagros P. Valdez, language reader Coordinator: Evelyn F. Cabanban Cover Design: Rowena E. The 20th century music styles and characteristic features. Creates musical pieces using a particular style of the 20th century.
Listens perceptively to selected 20th century music. Describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles. Relates 20th century music to its historical and cultural background. Sings melodic fragments of given Impressionism period pieces. Explores other arts and media that portray 20th century elements through video films or live performances.
Creates short electronic and chance music pieces using knowledge of 20th century styles. These new styles were: impressionism, expressionism, neo-classicism, avant garde music, and modern nationalism.
The distinct musical styles of the 20th century would not have developed if not for the musical genius of individual composers such as Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schoenberg, Bela Bartok, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofieff, and George Gershwin stand out as the moving forces behind the innovative and experimental styles mentioned above.
Coming from different nations—France, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and the United States— these composers clearly reflected the growing globalization of musical styles in the 20th century. It is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. The sentimental melodies and dramatic emotionalism of the preceding Romantic Period their themes and melody are easy to recognize and enjoy were being replaced in favor of moods and impressions. There is an extensive use of colors and effects, vague melodies, and innovative chords and progressions leading to mild dissonances.
Sublime moods and melodic suggestions replaced highly expressive and program music, or music that contained visual imagery.
With this trend came new combinations of extended chords, harmonies, whole tone, chromatic scales, and pentatonic scales. Impressionism was an attempt not to depict reality, but merely to suggest it. It was meant to create an emotional mood rather than a specific picture. In terms of imagery, impressionistic forms were translucent and hazy, as if trying to see through a rain-drenched window. In impressionism, the sounds of different chords overlapped lightly with each other to produce new subtle musical colors.
Chords did not have a definite order and a sense of clear resolution. Other features include the lack of a tonic-dominant relationship which normally gives the feeling of finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of certain chords, and use of the whole-tone scale. Most of the impressionist works centered on nature and its beauty, lightness, and brilliance. A number of outstanding impressionists created works on this subject.
Both had developed a particular style of composing adopted by many 20th century composers. He was the primary exponent of the impressionist movement and the focal point for other impressionist composers. He changed the course of musical development by dissolving traditional rules and conventions into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color. Debussy was born in St. Germain-en-Laye in France on August 22, His early musical talents were channeled into piano lessons.
He entered the Paris Conservatory in He gained a reputation as an erratic pianist and a rebel in theory and harmony. He added other systems of musical composition because of his musical training. Music of the 20th Century The creative style of Debussy was characterized by his unique approach to the various musical elements.
From the East, he was fascinated by the Javanese gamelan that he had heard at the Paris Exposition. The gamelan is an ensemble with bells, gongs, xylophone, and occasional vocal parts which he later used in his works to achieve a new sound.
Most of his close friends were painters and poets who significantly influenced his compositions. Debussy spent the remaining years of his life as a critic, composer, and performer.
He entered the Paris Conservatory at the age of 14 where he studied with the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure. The compositional style of Ravel is mainly characterized by its uniquely innovative but not atonal style of harmonic treatment.
It is defined with intricate and sometimes modal melodies and extended chordal components. It demands considerable technical virtuosity from the performer which is the character, ability, or skill of a virtuoso—a person who excels in musical technique or execution. The harmonic progressions and modulations are not only musically satisfying but also pleasantly dissonant and elegantly sophisticated.
His refined delicacy and color, contrasts and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of the musical passages. These are extensively used in his works of a programmatic nature, wherein visual imagery is either suggested or portrayed. Many of his works deal with water in its flowing or stormy moods as well as with human characterizations.
Ravel was a perfectionist and every bit a musical craftsman. He strongly adhered to the classical form, specifically its ternary structure. A strong advocate of Russian music, he also admired the music of Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelssohn. He died in Paris in While their musical works sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic and textural characteristics, the two differed greatly in their personalities and approach to music.
Whereas Debussy was more spontaneous and liberal in form, Ravel was very attentive to the classical norms of musical structure and the compositional craftsmanship. Whereas Debussy was more casual in his portrayal of visual imagery, Ravel was more formal and exacting in the development of his motive ideas.
He taught himself music theory, but took lessons in counterpoint. From the early influences of Wagner, his tonal preference gradually turned to the dissonant and atonal, as he explored the use of chromatic harmonies.
Although full of melodic and lyrical interest, his music is also extremely complex, creating heavy demands on the listener. His works were met with extreme reactions, either strong hostility from the general public or enthusiastic acclaim from his supporters.
Schoenberg is credited with the establishment of the twelve-tone system. His musical compositions total more or less which include concerti, orchestral music, piano music, operas, choral music, songs, and other instrumental music. He was born in Oranienbaum now Lomonosov , Russia on June 17, He added a new ingredient to his nationalistic musical style.
The Rite of Spring was another outstanding work. A new level of dissonance was reached and the sense of tonality was practically abandoned. Asymmetrical rhythms successfully portrayed the character of a solemn pagan rite. When he left the country for the United States in , Stravinsky slowly turned his back on Russian nationalism and cultivated his neo-classical style.
Stravinsky adapted the forms of the 18th century with his contemporary style of writing. Other outstanding works include the ballet Petrouchka , featuring shifting rhythms and polytonality, a signature device of the composer. He died in New York City on April 6, New sounds are synthesized from old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex new event.
Primitivism has links to Exoticism through the use of materials from other cultures, Nationalism through the use of materials indigenous to specific countries, and Ethnicism through the use of materials from European ethnic groups. Two well-known proponents of this style were Stravinsky and Bela Bartok. It eventually evolved into Neo-classicism. He started piano lessons with his mother and later entered Budapest Royal Academy of Music in He was a concert pianist as he travelled exploring the music of Hungarian peasants.
In , with his fellow composer Kodaly, Bartok published his first collection of 20 Hungarian folk songs.
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